Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, play a critical role in your immune system. There are many types of immunoglobulins, but one type, called IgG, is positively charged. Overproduction of IgG can sometimes lead to a low anion gap value. Monoclonal gammopathies can be associated with conditions such as multiple myeloma. Polyclonal gammopathies are often associated with various inflammatory diseases. Your doctor may order a blood test to assess the levels of immunoglobulins in your blood.
They may also order a serum or urine protein electrophoresis test to help monitor and diagnose your condition. If your test results come back indicating a low anion gap, your doctor may want to repeat the test to account for laboratory error. Once a low anion gap has been confirmed, your doctor will order additional tests to determine the underlying cause of the result.
If you seek out and get the treatment that you need for the underlying cause, the outlook for having a low anion gap is good. Following the proper treatment, your anion gap value should normalize. Electrolytes are naturally occurring compounds that control important bodily functions. Important electrolytes include calcium, magnesium, potassium…. The amount of acids and bases in your blood can be measured on a pH scale. It's important to maintain the correct balance of acids and bases. Traditional sports drinks provide easy-to-digest carbohydrates to help athletes to fuel longer-duration exercises and replace electrolyte lost in….
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Our goal is to not have a single piece of inaccurate information on this website. If you feel that any of our content is inaccurate, out-of-date, or otherwise questionable, please leave a comment or contact us at support selfhacked. Note that each number in parentheses [1, 2, 3, etc. The anion gap is a value calculated from the results of an electrolyte blood test which informs clinicians about the balance of positively and negatively charged particles in the blood.
The anion gap is a value that represents the difference between positively charged ions cations and negatively charged ions anions in the blood. The anion gap cannot be directly measured, instead, it is calculated from the results of an electrolyte panel, another type of blood test.
The anion gap is calculated using the concentrations of the major anions in the blood, chloride and bicarbonate , and the major cations, sodium and potassium. However, the concentration of potassium in the blood is usually much lower compared to sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate. Therefore, it is common practice to not use potassium when calculating the anion gap, as it usually has little effect [ 1 ]. In the body, the total positive charge from cations should equal the total negative charge from anions in the blood to maintain overall neutrality.
However, blood tests usually do not measure all types of ions. A high anion gap means you have more acid in your blood than normal.
A low anion gap means you have a lower amount of acid in your blood than normal, but this result is uncommon and usually due to a lab error. A low or high anion gap does not necessarily mean that you have a serious health problem.
The normal range varies from person to person, so make sure you ask your healthcare provider to interpret the results of the test for you. Correcting the underlying cause of the high anion gap metabolic acidosis is the primary way to mitigate potential serious health consequences. In mild to moderate acidosis, treatment could be limited to supportive measures, such as intravenous IV fluids and respiratory support. Alkalization therapy is reserved for individuals with severe acidosis pH less than 7.
A low anion gap means there is less acid in the blood than normal. However, this is very uncommon and often caused by lab error. A high or low anion gap should not be cause for alarm, because these results don't necessarily indicate that there is a serious health issue. Normal anion gap ranges can vary from one person to another.
Metabolic acidosis is a life-threatening condition that refers to overly acidic blood or bodily fluids. Associated symptoms usually includes rapid breathing, confusion, and tiredness, but these will depend on the underlying condition causing the metabolic acidosis. The anion gap test can help diagnose this condition. Metabolic acidosis can be caused by uncontrolled diabetes diabetic ketoacidosis , certain medications, severe infections, excessive diarrhea that causes an extreme loss in bicarbonate a form of carbon dioxide carried by the blood , cancer, kidney disease, and respiratory distress.
Sign up for our Health Tip of the Day newsletter, and receive daily tips that will help you live your healthiest life. American Association of Clinical Chemistry. Electrolytes and anion gap. Updated September 5, D-lactic acidosis in humans: systematic literature review.
Pediatr Nephrol. The serum anion gap in the evaluation of acid-base disorders: what are its limitations and can its effectiveness be improved? Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. Bicarbonate therapy for critically ill patients with metabolic acidosis: A systematic review. Metabolic acidosis. Reviewed September 24, University of Rochester. Your Privacy Rights. To change or withdraw your consent choices for VerywellHealth.
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