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Shimizu calls her boss "Tanaka san" when she talks to him, or about him to other people. But when she talks to a customer from outside their company, she calls him just "Tanaka".
San is similar to "Mr", "Ms. There is no kanji form for san , it's written in hiragana. San may also be used with a characteristic of a person. See also Is gaijin a derogatory term? San is also used when talking about entities such as companies. For example, the offices or shop of a company called Kojima denki might be referred to as Kojima Denki-san by another nearby company. This may be seen on the small maps often used in phone books and business cards in Japan, where the names of surrounding companies are written using san.
San is also applied to some kinds of foods. Both san and its more formal equivalent, sama , imply familiarity. In formal speech or writing, the title shi may be preferred. It is used by superiors to inferiors, by males of the same age and status to each other, and in addressing male children.
In business settings junior women may also be addressed as kun by superiors. Study Trips Accommodations Advertise with us.
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In traditional Japanese companies and workplaces, instead of honorific titles, Japanese workers can be addressed by their work titles. Check out our Business Japanese Courses if you are interested in learning business Japanese! San is certainly the first honorific title you will learn when studying Japanese or going to Japan. Sama is the respectful version of san, mostly used in business and clientele context. This is since the implied superiority of the guest or customer is very strong.
Formal Japanese can be confusing and complex, please take a look at our guide on Japanese Keigo Formal Japanese to learn the proper way of speaking in formal Japanese.
Once again, you should always keep in mind the implied hierarchy of a title. Kun is used by a person of a higher status towards a younger male or a child. Friends can also refer to each other by kun in a casual context and women can use it to address a man to whom they are very close.
Chan, the childish version of san, refers to children and girls. Like for kun, friends and lovers can also address each other with this honorific.
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